Lusavorutyun@, divanagitutyun@ ev «hayi bakht@»

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 20:57:15 +0400

Lusavorutyan darashrjani amenakarkarun demqeric mek@՝ baron Sharl d@ Montesqyun (1689 – 1755) hamozvats er, vor «Yuraqanchyur azg arzhani e iren bazhin hasats tchakatagrin»: Duyzn isk chpordzelov nsemacnel mets pilisopayi mitq@, ayduhanderdz, @st is, ayn poqr-inch snotiapashtakan erang e parunakum: Husam Montesqyun chi ararki, ete ays antaktutyun@ poqr-inch hartelu ev qnnadatakan motecum@ himnavorelu npatakov mejberem nra zhamanakakic mi urish hantchari baroyakhratakan hetevyal mitq@. «Es karogh em hamadzayn chlinel qvo artasanats yuraqanchyur bari het, sakayn es patrast em karapnaran bardzranal mek-miak bani hamar, vor du karoghanas azatoren artahaytel qvo andznakan kartsiq@» (Volter):

Im srtin u ugheghin aveli nerdashnak e verohishyal fenomen@ bnutagrogh nuyn zhamanakashrjani aveli ush tarineri eritasard pilisopa ev iravaget, Rusastanum Sardiniayi tagavorutyan despanord Koms Zhozef d@ Mestri (1753-1821), es kasei aravel racional dzevakerpats hetevyal mitq@. «Yuraqanchyur zhoghovurd arzhani e ir @ntrats karavarutyan@ /ghekavarin/»[ Konkret indz hamar ayd darashrjani amenakhosun khorhrdanish@ voch te Montesqyui, Didroyi, Volteri, Rusoyi ev ayloc toghats hskayakan ev angin grakan zharangutyunn e, ayl Parizi Panteoni ir dambaranakhci kisabac drnic mardkutyan@ parzats Rusoyi marmarya dzerqi lusavor jah@՝ bacardzak mtutyunic jahi tcharagats luys@ mardkutyan@ nviraberelu veh gaghaparov]:

Vo՞r imastun hayi mtqov e ancel tchakatagri koghmic nakhanshvats, hayerin vitchakvats dar@ pordzutyunner@ ev anhajoghutyunner@ arajin angam bardzradzayn vorakel ՛՛hayi bakht՛՛ artahaytutyamb, cavoq teghyak chem: Sakayn da sarsapi astitchani tchisht bnorvoshum e kataklizmneric /hamaghetneric/ hetvo hay zhoghovrdin u Hayastanin bazhin @nkats dar@ iroghutyunneri kapakcutyamb: @nd vorum paradoqsn ayn e, vor patmakan zargacman ayd bolvor masnavor depqeri paragayum el dranc vra hayeri kam Hayastani anmijakan azdecutyan hnaravorutyan astitchan@ havasar e eghel zroyi:

Arajin hamashkharhayin paterazmi avartic hetvo Hayastan@ korcrec ir patmakan taratsqneri aveli qan qarasun tokvos@. Nkati unem Arevmutqi turqerin trvats Kars@, Ardahan@, Surmalun, Oltin ev amenakarevor@՝ mer bibliakan surb Ararat ler@, ev Arevmutqi turqeri pahanjov steghtsvats ev @ndamen@ erku tarva kyanq unecogh Arevelqi turqeri noreluk petutyan@ trvats Nakhijevann u Gharabagh@:
Erkrord hamashkharhayin paterazmic hetvo huys tsagec, vor ahreli korustneri gnov paterazm@ shahats SSHM-in petq ancnein 1920-1921tt. Turqiayin zijats haykakan patmakan taratsqner@ vorpes erku hamashkharhayin paterazmneri hrdzig Germaniayi amenanvirvats dashnakic Turqiayi dem nerkayacvats anbekaneli pahanj։ Turqeri tirapetutyan tak gtnvogh haykakan nakhkin taratsqneri hamar moskovyan kentronakan ishkhanutyunneri koghmic nuynisk hastatvel ein hayazgi shrjanayin kuskomiteneri qartugharner ev byuroner, sakayn 1945t.-i ogostosi 6-in ev 9-in AMN-i prezident H. Trumeni hramanov Hirosimayi u Nagasakii vra netvats erku atomayin rumber@ nakhazgushacman azdanshan handisacan ev i chiq dardzrin sovetakan karavarutyan verohishyal hnaravor tsragir – nakhadzernutyun@։

Sakayn anachar motecum@ stipum e khostovanel, vor hayeri anmijakan masnakcutyan paragayum el haykakan divanagitutyun@ misht el ՛՛kaghacel e՛՛։ Hayeri divanagitutyan ispar bacakayutyan, «bobikutyan» harcum, vorpes patmakan iravitchakneri dzevavorman anmijakan gortson, 50%-ov hamamit em d@ Mantesqyui ev 100%-ov՝ d@ Mestbi het։ Tchisht e, khist asvats, ՛՛Arevelqi chenq՛՛ ev 301t.-in Qristoneutyun@ vorpes petakan kron @nduneluc hetvo Arevelqic aveli heracats linelov, ayduhanderdz, vochinch chsovvorecinq Arevelqi mer harevanneric՝ divanagitutyan mej shoghoqvortutyamb, erbemn nuynisk kasharatvutyamb mer qaghaqakan tchakatagir@ voroshoghneri shrjanum hamakranq shahelu mer ogtin razmakan u qaghaqakan voroshumner kayacnelu arvestic։ Ir hazaramyakneri patmutyan @ntacqum Hayastan@ erbemn chkaroghacav angam razmi dashtum dzerq berats haghtanakner@ veratsel naev divanagitakan haghtanakneri։ Dra caytun vkayutyunneric mek@ Gharabaghyan paterazmn er ev ayd tarineri Hayastani artaqin qaghaqakanutyun@ nerkayacnogh arajin demqi՝ erkri artaqin gortseri nakharar Vardan Oskanyani (1998-2008tt.) hetevyal mankamit artahaytutyun@, te` «5-6 tari sharunakvogh banakcutyunneri @ntacq@ iren tuyl e tvel hangelu mi shat karevor hetevutyan, ayn e, qaghaqakanutyan mej ardarutyun@ ev iravunq@ tegh chunen»։ Aysinqn, m.t. III hazaramyaki shemin erkri hamar 1 divanaget@ pordzum er bacahaytel divanagitutyan baroyakanutyan astitchan@, minchder dranic derevs 100 tari araj s@r Uinston Cherchil@ shat hstak dzevakerpel er dra klasik eutyun@. «Divanagitutyan mej tchshmartutyunn aynqan tankagin ban e, vor nran misht petq e ughekci sti u keghtsiqi mi voghj shqakhumb»։

Isk turq@ ir kisagraget «halov» misht el karoghacel e qaghaqakanutyan (divanagitutyan) keghtajric chor durs gal։ Nakh bacatrem, te inchu kisagraget։ 1000 tari sharunak turqakan bolvor ceghern el vorpes aybuben ogtagortsum ein arabakan aragagir@, vor@ bacardzakapes cher hamapataskhanum turqakan lezvi hnchyunabanutyan@ ev miayn 1928t.-in Mustafa Qemali irakanacrats՝ Turqiayi tntesakan, qaghaqakan, krtakan ev verjapes lezvabanakan reformi shrjanaknerum nra arajadranqov hay akanavor lezvaban, 20 lezuneri gitak Hakob Maratyan@ (1895-1979), vov ir angnahateli lumayi hamar Ataturqic stacav dilachar (lezu steghtsogh – turq.) hatuk anun@, hashvi arnelov turqakan lezvi hnchyunabanakan yurahatkutyun@՝ khor@ ev bazmakoghmani usumnasirutyunic hetvo arajarkec @ndunel latinakan aybuben@, inch@ ev, bnakanabar, mets gohunakutyamb u shnorhakalutyamb @ndunvec։
Sakayn, inchpes fransiacinern en asum. «Revenons à nos moutons» (veradarnanq mer vochkharnerin), aysinqn bun nyutin։ 1877-1878tt.-i rus-turqakan paterazmi avartic hetvo rusakan ev haykakan zenqi (paterazmin masnakcum ein grete 50 hazar hay kamavorner) haghtanaki shnorhiv azatagrvats haykakan zgali patmakan taratsqneri 50%-@ Neng Albioni divanagitakan tchnshman tak (koms Dizrayeli) Berlini kongresum Rusastan@ stipvats zijec Turqiayin։ Isk dra dimac (ushadi՛r), vorpes kasharq Viktoria taguhin turqeric stacav Kipros kghzu karavarman mandat@։

Mi ban aknerev e. turqerin misht el hajoghvel e «matneri vra khaghacnel» hatkapes rusakan divanagitutyun@։ Storev shat aveli artaroc ev hayoc tchakatagri hamar pastoren voghbergakan erkrord patmakan past@։ 1921-in Mustafa Qemal@՝ Arevelqi zhoghovurdneri heghapokhutyunneri pashtpanutyan u «imperialistakan» Hayastanin (vorn @ndamen@ mi qani amsva patmutyun uner ev derevs i vitchaki cher eghel harevan erkrner@ ir «imperiayin» kcel…) dimagravelu qoghi tak banakcutyunneri @ntacqum voch miayn karoghacav «khelqahan anel» Rusastani bolshevikyan ghekavarutyan@, aylev andzamb Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanovic anvardzahatuyc stacav 10 mln. rublu (da hamarzheq er motavorapes 7 tonna voskun), hashvin zinats u handerdzavorats ir hrosaknerin nakh ughghec Kilikia, Marash, Zeytun, ur zohvecin 50 hazar hayer, apa Zmyurnia (Izmir)՝ 25 hazar hayer ev verjapes Arevelyan Hayastan, ur zoheri tiv@ 100 hazaric avelin er։ Hark e anpayman avelacnel, vor Arevelqi zhoghovurdneri pashtpan ayd jatagov «adept@» 1921-i verjin nakh vochnchacrec Turqiayi hamaynavarneri (komunistneri) arajnord Mustafa Subkhun ev myus ghekavarnerin (nranc mortecin ev diakner@ navakneric tsov@ netecin), apa ev orenqic durs haytararec nranc kusakcutyun@։ Hetaqrqir e, te ayd dar@ hab@ Vladimir Ilyich@ inchpes kul tvec։

Andradarnanq Hayastani myus harevanin։ Parskastani tirakal Feth-Ali shah@ rus akanavor grogh, divanaget ev hayutyan ankeghts barekam Aleqsandr Griboyedovin Tehrani rusakan despanatan kamarneri tak parsik khazhamuzhi koghmic tanjamah anelu het kapvats qaghaqakan u divanagitakan tchgnazham@ haghtaharelu, ev 1827-28 tt. paterazmi hamar Rusastanin vtcharveliq razmatuganqi chap@ nvazecnelu npatakov, shat tankarzheq nvernerov Peterburg tchanaparhec ir toran@՝ arqayazn Khosrov-Mirzayin։ @nd vorum shahi nverneri tvum er naev 90 karatanoc (grete 45 gram) hrchakavor «Shah», grete chmshakvats, ughghankyunadzev almast@, vor@ minchev ors el pahpanvum e Moskvayi Kremli «Almaste fondum»։ Nikolay I-@ khostacav moranal despani het kapvats depq@ ev avelin, grete mek milionvov krtchatec razmatuganqi chap@։

Qnnarkenq Turqiayi u Parskastani arayzhm verjin hamategh divanagitakan dzernatsutyun@։ 1932t.-in hunvari 23-i krkin Mustafa Qemali atchpararutyan ardyunqum kyanqi kochvats Tehrani konvenciayov Turqian u Parskastan@ irakanacrin taratsqayin pokhanakutyun, vori shnorhiv Turqian stacav ir erazats, aveli shut papagats sahman@ Nakhijevani het։ Parskastan@ chkaroghacav nakhatesel, vor taratsqayin ayd parz popvokhutyan tak Turqian hetagayum razmakan hakamartutyun@ (eskalacian) ayd regionum srelu mets hnaravorutyun e unenalu, vori arajin zoheric mek@ Hayastani het miasin karogh e darnal naev inq@։ Turqiayi ayn himnavorum@, te parskakan ayd taratsqum ein kentronanum qrdakan anjatoghakan razmakan uzher@, qnnadatutyan chi dimanum։ Aydpisov, Turqia-Nakhijevan sahmann aylevs voch mi mijancqi kariq chuner, ayn dardzav mek miasnakan։ Hamadzaynagri shnorhiv Turqiayin ancav Ararat leran@ harogh voghj taratsq@, isk Vani mot gtnvogh Korut gyugh@ ir shrjakayqov ancav Iranin։ @nd vorum, inchpes ev spaseli er, Parskastanin ancats turqakan taratsqner@ shat aveli mets ein, qan Turqiayin ancats iranakanner@։ Hiravi, «aratadzern» turqeri geraguyn npatak@ bnav qrdakan razmakan kayanneri verahskum@ cher, ayl Nakhijevani het miasnakan, anargel sahmani dzerqberum@՝ shat herun gnacogh panturqakan tsragri irakanacman tchanaparhin։ Ayn e. Zangezuri mijancqi harc@ lutselov, nakh Adrbejani, apa naev mijinasiakan, himnakanum turqakan tsagum unecogh bnakchutyamb erkrneri՝ Turqmenstan, Uzbekstan, Ghrghzstan, hetagayum minchev Ghazakhstan, hazaravor kilometrer dzgvogh turqakan sahmani dzevavorum@ ev dranov isk Volga, Ural, @ndhup minchev Sibiri tapastanner (irenc nakhnineri hayreniq@) taratsvogh miasnakan turqakan petutyan steghtsum@։

Andradarnanq mer orerin։ Ayn depqum, erb voghj ashkharhi arajadem mardkutyun@ Hayastanum ev amenur 2015t.-i aprili 24-in nshum er Hayoc mets Egherni 100 amya tarelic@, ir harganqi turq@ matucelov 1,5 milion anmegh zoheri hishatakin, Turqian krkin cuyc tvec ir gaylayin (@st turqakan legendi mokhraguyn gayl@ sibiryan tapastannerum nranc nakhahor@ prkats u metsacrats totemn e) eutyun@։ Nra hakahaykakan divanagitutyan caytun vkayutyun@ dardzan nuyn 2015t.-i aprili 24-25-in, aysinqn, Hayoc Egherni mijocarumnerin hakadardzvogh, Stambulum kazmakerpvats shat mets ev tchokh handisutyunner@, voronq nvirvats ein Arajin Hamashkharhayin paterazmi tarinerin Galipolii tchakatamartum Antanti erkrneri dem turqakan haghtanakin։ Handisutyunner, voronc nerka ein aveli qan 20 erkrneri karavarutyunneri ghekavarner, sksats Ilham Alievic ev verjacrats…gaherec arqayazn Charlzov, arqayazn Harriov, Avstraliayi u Nor Zelandiayi karavarutyunneri ghekavarner Toni Ebotvov u Jon Qiov։ Ayvo, nakhkin supostatner@ dardzel ein merdzavor dashnakicner, qanzi shaher@, razmakan u qaghaqakan tsragrern ein pokhvel i vnas Hayastani u hayutyan։ Sakayn, aravel cncoghn ayn hangamanqn e, vor verohishyal tchakatamart@ teghi er unecel voch te 1915t.-i aprili 24-25-in, ayl… (husam shat khor shok cheq apri) 1915t.-i petrvari 19-ic minchev 1916-i hunvari 9-@։ «De ek vardapet u mi khentacir»։

Ampopelov ays poqr-inch tarorinak patmakan u divanagitakan hamateqsterin nvirvats eqskurs@, andradarnanq naev bnakan mi hamagheti, vor@ mek angam evs apacucec «hayeri bakht@» artahaytutyan goyutyan iravunq@։ Khosq@ 1988t.-i dektemberi 7-i Hayastani, Spitaki erkrasharzhi masin e, vori ardyunqum zohvec 25 hazar ev anotevan mnac 400 hazar mard։ Darn hamematutyan hamar hark e nshel, vor grete nuyn uzhgnutyan 1966t.-i aprili 26-i Uzbekstani mayraqaghaq Tashqendi erkrasharzhi pattcharov zohvec @ndamen@ 10 mard ev grete 300 hazar@ dardzan anotevan։ Zoheri annshan, sakayn anotevan mnacatsneri hskayakan, Spitaki het hamadreli tiv@ bacatrvum e mi sharq parz pattcharov՝ Tashqendi nakhaerkrasharzhyan zhamanakashrjani tchartarapetutyan arandznahatkutyamb՝ kavashen, 1 kam 2 harkani tneri hskayakan qanakutyamb։ Tashqendi erkrasharzhic hetvo Moskvayi kentronakan ishkhanutyunneri arajadranqov nran tramadrvec ahreli mets finansakan u tntesakan ognutyun ev՛ kentronic, ev՛ miutenakan bolvor hanrapetutyunneric։ Azgayin myus hanrapetutyunneri hamategh janqerov karucvec miangamayn nor, geghecik ev miutenakan yuraqanchyur hanrapetutyan@ bnorvosh tchartarapetutyamb Tashqend, vor@ bacardzakapes hamemateli cher nakhkin 40-50%-ov kavatsep Uzbekstani mayraqaghaqi het [Ayd aghaghakogh hakadrutyan@ andzamb em akanates eghel 1987-in՝ Tashqend aycelutyan @ntacqum]։

Minchder 1988-i dektemberi 7-i Hayastani Spitaki erkrasharzhic @ndamen@ tari u kes anc, minchev khorhrdayin ahreli byurokratakan meqenan teghic ksharzhver, KhSHM-@ pluzvec ev, bnakan e, vor moskovyan kentronakan ishkhanutyunneri koghmic khostacvats ognutyun@, baris bun imastov hods cndec։ Hayutyan bakht@ noric chberec։

Vahagn Tovmasyan
Los Anjeles